pH Determination of Different Solutions Using pH Paper / Universal Indicator

📌 Introduction

Chemistry mein pH ek numerical scale hai jo kisi solution ki acidity ya basicity ko measure karti hai. pH scale 0 se 14 tak hoti hai.

• pH < 7 → Acidic Solution
• pH = 7 → Neutral Solution
• pH > 7 → Basic (Alkaline) Solution

Is experiment mein hum Lemon Juice, Vinegar, Distilled Water, Baking Soda Solution aur Soap Solution jaise common solutions ka pH determine karenge.

🎯 Objective

• Different solutions ka pH determine karna.
• Acidic, Neutral aur Basic solutions ko identify karna.
• Universal Indicator aur pH Paper ka use seekhna.
• pH Scale ki practical understanding develop karna.

🧪 Materials Required

• pH Paper / Universal Indicator
• Dropper
• Test Tubes
• Lemon Juice
• Vinegar
• Distilled Water
• Baking Soda Solution
• Soap Solution
• White Tile or Test Tube Stand

📚 Theory

1909 mein Danish Scientist Søren Peder Lauritz Sørensen ne pH concept introduce kiya tha. pH ka matlab hota hai "Potential of Hydrogen".

Jitna zyada Hydrogen ion (H⁺) concentration hoga, solution utna acidic hoga. Jitna kam Hydrogen ion concentration hoga, solution utna basic hoga.

Universal Indicator ek special mixture hota hai jo alag-alag pH values par different colours show karta hai. Isi colour change ki help se hum solution ka approximate pH determine karte hain.

🔬 Procedure

1. Clean test tubes mein alag-alag solutions lein.
2. pH paper ka ek small strip cut karein.
3. Dropper ki help se solution ki ek drop pH paper par daalein.
4. Colour change observe karein.
5. Colour ko pH chart se compare karein.
6. Approximate pH value note karein.
7. Har solution ke liye same process repeat karein.

📊 Observation Table

✅ Result

Different solutions ka pH successfully determine kiya gaya. Lemon Juice aur Vinegar acidic paye gaye, Distilled Water neutral paya gaya aur Baking Soda Solution aur Soap Solution basic nature ke paye gaye.

🌍 Real Life Applications

• Swimming Pool Water Testing
• Agriculture Soil Testing
• Water Quality Analysis
• Medical Diagnosis
• Food Industry
• Environmental Monitoring
• Laboratory Research

⚠ Precautions

• Fresh pH paper use karein.
• Test tubes clean honi chahiye.
• Different solutions ke liye separate dropper use karein.
• Colour immediately observe karein.
• Solutions ko directly touch na karein.

💡 Viva Questions

1. pH Scale kis range tak hoti hai?
2. Neutral solution ka pH kitna hota hai?
3. Universal Indicator kya hota hai?
4. Lemon Juice acidic kyun hota hai?
5. Soap Solution basic nature ka kyun hota hai?
6. pH concept kis scientist ne diya tha?